The process of genetic counselling consists of helping patients and their families understand and adapt to the medical and psychological implications of the genetic aspects of disease.
This process typically includes an interpretation of family and medical history to better determine the risks of a particular disease, as well as a discussion regarding transmission of the condition, any available genetic testing, appropriate medical care and follow-up, prevention, available resources and research. Genetic counselling provides support to patients, allowing them to make informed decisions and to adapt to their particular situation and condition.
Genetic counselling is based on several fundamental principles, including empathy, non-directivity and a non-judgmental attitude, sensitivity to psychosocial issues as well as ethical and legal matters.